Wednesday, April 11, 2012

In Jamaica at STEA

Tuesday
 After several flights and long layovers in-between I finally made it to Jamaica.   The international airport was small and it seemed like after we deplaned we had to walk another 10 minutes to get to customs.  When I got there the woman checking my passport and asking me questions said that she knew who Mr. Dixon was – expressing to me that he was a pillar of the country as a whole!  I felt very secure in my decision to come here at that point.  I was picked up at the airport by Andrew- a STEA’s taxi driver who took me to through the city of Montego Bay. On the road I saw some of the new housing projects and all-inclusive seaside resorts closed off from the poverty stricken mountainside across the street. As we started driving higher we got onto the windy two –lane road up the hill we were he was actively dodging potholes and cars whizzing by at 50 miles an hour.  On the way up I saw the massive sugar cane fields that create a significant amount of Jamaica’s income.  I saw the Falmouth Cricket field which is renowned for its historical matches.  However, what was instantly stunning was the crisp air and vivid color of the moist countryside as we started driving up the hill. 

An hour and a half later we found ourselves in Albert Town. I followed Andrew up some concrete stairs outside of the building and into the two-story structure. I walked in to a small room that had several people sitting around while Mr. Hugh Dixon was busily typing away in his cubicle.  He was smiling naturally, as everyone in the office and in the community does. I met the staff: Ainsworth-  who is the  lead eco tour guide, Sudine-the office manager, Mel-the account and Hugh’s right hand woman, and Brad the Peace Corps Volunteer who works at STEA, teaches, and coaches basketball at the nearby high school ( the high school in which Hugh Dixon also sits as the Chairman). 

After the brief introduction I jumped back into the cab with Ainsworth and Andrew who he took me through more curvy roads to the community that I’m now staying in, Rock Spring.  I felt the instant love of the community through its aesthetics and its people.  For the next two weeks I will be staying with Mr. and Mrs. Pingy.  They live in Rock Spring and seem to be the go-to people for home-stay accommodation for foreigners.  People from Canada, Cuba, and America have stayed with them in the past.   I was welcomed with a meal of boiled yams, bananas, rice and chicken.  They are very nice people. I was directed to my bedroom that was similar to what I’m used to at home. I noticed the very western style bathroom they had but Ms. Pingy told me that the water pump is broken so I would have to take bucket baths while I’m here.  It’s Peace Corps living all over again!




Wednesday
I woke up to the smell of eggs and sweet plantains today, all natural and from their farm. Mr. Pingy is a farmer so he had already left to the farm.  He works with yams, sugarcane and other crops.  Mrs. Pingy stays home and runs the occasional errand for the house.  I left on the taxi with Ainsworth and we then packed tightly in the back of an old Honda Civic.  Then we went on a rollercoaster ride up the hill for a little over $1and got up to STEA at around 9:30pm.  I sat at the table and got to know the people a bit better.  Found out about their family life and how they got to STEA. We ate well and I took a field trip to the local school a couple of buildings away.  

The school uniforms were yellow and brown.  Brad is also the basketball coach at the school and was refereeing a game when we entered the campus.  Brad is also responsible for introducing the sport to the school during his Peace Corps tenure.  The school’s frame was weathered.  Classrooms seemed full, but once again there was no shortage of smiles.  I went into the computer room around the dirt track and through the cafeteria.  Ainsworth told me that it is very strict in the schools of Jamaica compared to what he hears about American public schools are run. I got back to STEA and did some more hanging out, answering emails and realized that I could get used to loving in this type of environment. 




Thursday
I had a meeting with Mr. Dixon outlining what I will be doing for my stay yesterday. Today I will create a video with Mr. Dixon gaining an understanding of how the organization works through his point of view.  Throughout my stay I will go on a hike(s) with Ainsworth who will lead me through some of the natural areas STEA aims to sustain. Their aim is to create conservation awareness among the community and visitors. Next week I will be meeting with Mel about the how funding is created for STEA.  Sudine will tell me who the office is maintained, and Kimone (whom I’ve yet to meet) who handles all the marketing for STEA.  I will also have a couple of meetings with Mr. Dixon about the direction STEA will be going in.
Watching the street:


Friday
 Today I went on a trek with Ainsworth and Brad to a small cave and the Rock Spring Sink. We took a trail that hugged the river and there is where I realized that the river in Rock Spring is functional for the town.  People wash their clothes; use it for drinking water, bath and fish in it.  Unfortunately, trash (made up mostly of discarded plastic bottles) is scattered along the trails and water ways, sometimes creating unnatural dams and irregular water systems.  There were points in our hike where we would walk through foot high water and parts where we were in waist-deep water all in a heavy jungle climate.  Some plant life along the river has also been affected to the point of extinction – based on what Ainsworth told us.  The sink was covered by dead bamboo which covered the sink.  The surrounding jungle was also home to cattle and the native birds of the island. Here was a point where I, of course, stepped through some dead wood that cut my leg up although it wasn't severe.  The typical Peace Corps response from Brad was to “Just throw some water on it and it dry out out…no worries!”

In the evening, which happens every Friday, Mr. Dixon got most of the STEA employees together for a hang-out session.  He feels that along with meetings that happen during office hours having a very in formal weekly gathering at STEA creates a sense of family and pushes the creativity for potential projects into a public forum for critique.  Food and drink flowed through the evening as we discussed politics, current projects and played cards. I also got to meet Kimone, the marketing director, who was once a buyer for Macy’s in New York and currently works for a major retailer here in Jamaica. I feel that I will have a lot to learn from her.  The rest of the evening was spent at home with Mr. and Mrs. Pingy watching satellite TV.  Jamaican Satellite TV is filled with more American, British and Jamaican programs that I could have ever imagined!  I think this is why many people in Rock Spring are aware of American politics and current events.


Monday
STEA has a morning meetings every Monday.  It’s meeting conducted by Mr. Dixon about current and future plans. Today I got a rundown of what Melesia does at the STEA.  As the Finance and Administration Director she is responsible for so many things. She gave me a chance to look at the books and get an idea of how STEA is run.

STEA income:
Most of the STEA’s Income comes from grants- I see Mr.Dixon and Melesia working on writing one of the grants on a daily basis here in the office.  They are continuously fact checking and spell-checking each other to make sure the detail are in order.  I asked what major funder would they like to get funds from and Mel said that they’ve applied for USAID grants but they keep getting denied. Kimone also scours the web for funding opportunities as well.  About 20% comes from the Environmental Foundation of Jamaica which is a Funding Agency for all of the environmental agencies in Jamaica. The Yam Festival is one of the major fundraising events that happens for STEA (please see explanation in first entry), which due to the lack of funding from previously large donors is not happening this year.  Eco-tours also create income for STEA.  These tours take people through natural caves, waterways, and other environments throughout the Trelawny region. The Global Environmental Facility in Jamaica also gives most of the operating budget.

Operating budget: rent, electricity and water- included in rent, phone, they use QuickBooks for  to maintain their budget.

9 Member Board of Directors:  Hugh Dixon is the Executive Director, Melesia is the Finance and Admin director, Kimone is the Marketing Director. They are the 3 working directors within the office. 

Challenges
Mainly getting consistent funding.
Finding things to do during the gaps in-between projects, e.g.  environmental treks- projects are mainly how STEA gets  things done.  And finding that balance being in such an informal work setting.  Getting their name out there Marketing seems to be something that STEA needs to enhance in more of Jamaica’s urban centers.  They need more videos, business cards, and flyers to post through communities as well as to other entities that would be able to refer potential customers and investors.
At the end of the week I will be going on a trek through Clarks Town with the STEA staff to evaluate how their tours are run.
Tonight I came home to Mr.Pingy’s video of his sister’s funeral at the local Baptist Church.  Mr. Pingy showed me all of his family members in the video and told me that his sister used to be a health professional.  It was interesting to see and somehow at the dinner table we got into a deep conversation about Cuba and the great work they do for healthcare reform in Jamaica.

Tuesday
Today I made plans to go to Kingston.  Some friends and family have made a fuss of how dangerous Kingston is. They have not been to either Kingston or Jamaica and I assume they are basing their position on what their media resources tell them.  Since being here I can’t believe that all off Kingston is dangerous. Furthermore based on where and how I’ve been living I don’t see how people wouldn’t be nice even in the city.  I do plan on visiting the Peace Corps Office and seeing if I can connect with Peace Corps Volunteers.  I’m also told that Peace Corps Jamaica will be having its 50th Anniversary celebration during my stay I Kingston- should be a good time. 

Today was a pretty easy day.  Spoke and joked with some of the staff in the office.  We ate meat pies of “patties” as they are called here; cost=$1.  I instantly fell in love and am glad patties are ridiculously overpriced and considered fine cuisine in the Tempe, because I would surely be obese. 

Eating
While in Jamaica you may find yourself eating in groups.  Although you can follow many of the dining rules you were brought up with there may be some things you are not used to:
Be willing to share all or your food and drink.
You should share your drink via cup, passing the coke bottle you just drank from expecting Jamaican’s to drink from it will not  work .
Use your utensils
Excuse yourself from the table.
If all else fails just be patient and see how others are eating and most of all have fun.

Wednesday-Thursday
I’m in Kingston!
Just made it to Kingston from Rock Spring:
 From Rock Spring to Albert Town=$J100; Albert Town to Christiana=$J150; Christiana to Mandeville=$J150; Mandeville to Kingston= $J350= $J750 or $8.6.  Time ~3 hours.
In taxis they will pile people on top of one another. It’s not uncommon for a 5-seater car to have 7 people riding (not including kids).  The drivers, in attempt to make quick money, will drive extremely fast   through windy roads throughout the city. I thought it was just a country thing.  Therefore, I thought things would get more spacious as I got closer to Kingston- especially on the bus.  Not the case.  When all the seats were full people were still being directed to the bus!  The saving grace of the 1.5 hour trip was the music that blasted through the bus speakers.  There were some self proclaimed singers on the bus and head-nodders (including me).  The topography of Jamaican is breathtaking.  Bright lush hills to dark valleys and different shades of black people, with everyone doing something from traveling to discussing the day’s news on the corner.  The cities are small but filled with American food establishments:  KFC, Burger King, TGI Fridays, Pizza Hut.  Wray and Nephew billboards, Island grille and Tastees are the main ads I saw throughout my trip to Kingston.  After piling off the bus I took a taxi to the hotel.  For 4km I had to pay $J600 because it was the city.  Mrs. Pingy – my homestay mother said I would about $J500 so when he said $J600 I knew that the US hustle was in effect! 

I checked into the Indies Hotel a place most Peace Corps Volunteers stay while they are in town. I knew that I had to find the Peace Corps Office.  So I started walking.  New Kingston is a major metropolitan center and is extremely humid.  I would say that it was about 70-80 degrees but the humidity was about 100%.  I couldn’t believe how much I was sweating just by standing outside.

 I met with some volunteers who took me in as one of their own.  We ate, drank and laughed.  Later I attend the welcoming of a new group of Peace Corps Volunteers to the Island, and the celebration if Peace Corps being in Jamaica for 50 years (which was around the same time Jamaica gained their independence).  While I was there I met a former Peace Corps Volunteer Amy Laskin- who had stayed in Jamaica after her service for over two decades!  She makes her living as a painter and sails her works to dignitaries in Jamaica.  She lives in the renowned Blue Mountains (home of the world famous coffee) and she offered to take me through them and to her home/studio during my stay. Of course I said yes.

Later that night I connected with other volunteers to get an idea of how it is to be White Americans (which after talking to black volunteers is a difference) in Jamaica- living and working. I was told that from time to the people in their communities do poke fun at them, but since they know the culture they know how to deal with it or even make a witty comeback from a poke.  Some of them, after almost two years of service, felt that the people in the communities they were working in didn’t feel that they needed the help of Peace Corps as educators and community developers.  Some felt that they got the perfect service and felt that their work was something that will benefit them for the rest of their lives both professionally and socially.  Some people told me about issues with loneliness in their communities and the some of the romantic relationships they developed of the years with Jamaican men and women.  Mixed feelings from people from mixed background is how I took it all.  Time for bed.

Friday
During the festivities yesterday I met a former Peace Corps Volunteer who has been in Jamaica since the Late ‘80’s.  Amy Laskin currently lives in the famous Blue Mountains of Jamaica.  She invited me up for a hike.

Transportation from Kingston to the Blue Mountains:
I walked a couple of blocks to the Devon House (hyperlink this) and then waited at the bus stop for about 15 minutes for the 900 bus to come.  Several taxis passed by and I knew that they would probably be charging double for my trip to Papine- a town that had the bus I needed to take to get into the mountains. Then an older man walked by and asked me something in Patwa, when I asked for him to repeat himself  he automatically knew that I was not Jamaican and then we started talking about where he was from and how he’d been to a *Ny Night or funeral event for his aunt.  As we spoke he hailed down a taxi and asked if I wanted to get in.  He spoke to the driver as traffic was whizzing by and said that the taxi would take me to Papine for the same price the bus would.
We jumped in the taxi and went=$J80

I got to Papine spoke to the *front man and got in the bus for what felt like a 30 minutes ride up and another windy road through the lush and vivid Blue Mountains.

I got dropped off a little after Gordon Tow=$J100

I walked up the hill to meet Amy at her home and studio that sat on top of the house.  Of course my first question was why she decided to stay in Jamaica for over two decades.  There were several answers but what stuck out to me was that she simply fell in love with the country and the people.  At the time she didn’t feel that the US had anything to offer and she wanted to do so many things like dancing for a West Indies dance company and paint.  Now she spends her days in her home painting pieces and selling them to Jamaica’s wealthy.  She has a dog named Thunder and a Parrot named Buddy.  We hung out for about two hours and then made our way down the mountain after the rain showers.  I then jumped on a public bus and road in to town during rush hour.  Uniformed Students piled on to the bus at each stop.  For some reason the public transportation system and the drive through residential areas made me feel like I was at home again. 

Two students sitting next to me stared at a cellphone with erotic anime pictures tilting the phone in an attempt to hide it from me.   On the trip through the city I saw more Burger Kings, TGI Fridays, Pizza Huts and other US establishments.  I arrived a t a massive bus depot with almost too many students waiting to transfer.  A fight broke out and then there was chaos.  I left and found a taxi to take me to another bus stop on the outskirts of town in order to take another tow hour ride to start my journey back home.   Almost 4  hours later I arrived in the evening at STEA to see the staff doing the weekly routine of playing Crazy 8’s, joking around and drinking white rum. I was home.

*Ny Night- the first evening of observing someone’s death; a small party at the family’s house of the  deceased
* front man- the person that brings in customers from the street for the local buses.

Saturday
I slept in pretty late and hung out with the Pingy’s for most of the day.  Ms. Pingy told me that she has a son who is in Trinidad working at the harbor.  She said that Trinidadians and Jamaica’s stereotypically don’t get along for cultural reasons so it’s hard for him to get a job at the moment.  He is planning on coming home soon.  She also has a daughter who lives in England with her family and another daughter who lives in Kingston with her family as well. I ate breakfast and lunch and watched US, British and Jamaican TV.  I heard the massive stereo system pumping reggae through the streets of Rock Spring  until 2am. 

Sunday
The Trek
I woke up at 6am to go on a hike with the STEA staff from Rock Spring to Carks Town an estimated 12 mile hike.  Gradually going uphill we saw wild goats, rock piles from decaying limestone and massive century plants. We walked through ravines over hills, through sugar cane fields and through Clarks Town during the church services.  We walked for over 3 hours.  

Then we went to a Beach.  A beach for the public but then separated by small barriers built by resorts.  It was the perfect way to end my visit with the STEA crew.  We  joked, ate and drank local goodies and i felt like we bonded like a family.  the white sand and fresh air and the fact that I was finally sitting down made today perfect.  I'm off to Montego Bay  to stay at a hostel and leave this beautiful country and its  people until I come back next time.




Monday, December 5, 2011

STEA: An Environmental Solution to Social Issues


Why Does STEA Exist?
Since 1996 the Southern Trelawny Environmental Agency (STEA) has been committed to creating solutions for environmental issues that face the lush areas of the Cockpit Country of Jamaica. Based on their assessment of over 300 miles of rural area they realize that many environmental issues such as bauxite mining, litter, and access to clean water affects the community's education, financial position and its health. They are under the leadership of Hugh Dixon, the CEO of the STEA and has decades of experience working and living throughout Jamaica striving for the socio-economic betterment of the country. STEA’s headquarters is Trelawny County in the northern part of the Cockpit. The Cockpit is home to nearly 20 townships and communities.

The Cockpit is considered the last of the untouched natural lands in Jamaica. Currently the Cockpit of Jamaica is threatened by bauxite mining, illegal bird hunting, rare plant gathering, logging and the conversion of forest land into agricultural land by local farmers. Deforestation is a severe in the Cockpit because it leads to the spread of foreign entities throughout the heart of the jungle. When the foliage barriers are broken these foreign threats such as plants and animals pose threats: to wildlife, temperature change that effects the survival of the natural wildlife in the area, and the opening of roads in that give poachers easy access to wildlife. Roads also give way to mining opportunities.


Mining produces an array of negative effects to the Cockpit's natural habitat. It is currently leading to depletion and contamination of soil and water resources; the leading issues include output or exhaust from the motorized machines. This also causes the displacement of small rural communities surrounding the mining, many of which were established near water resources. The Mining Act of Jamaica-1947 is a law that has been loosely enforced and gives mining companies the opportunity to continue work regardless of the effects mentioned above.

In this publication I will discuss STEA’s vision, mission and goals, and their ability to affect people living within Cockpit Country on a grass roots level and throughout Jamaica. I will also discuss STEA’s leadership model, and finally what I plan to do while I’m Jamaica with STEA- as it applies to previous work done in ESEC 640.
This publication is important because it provides insight into of how an individual’s physical environment is significant enough to alter how a community lives, even survives. In the age global warming there is more evidence pointing towards our demise within a few generations if we as a planet do not change how we use our environment and its resources. This publication is proof that there are organizations that can start mobilizing their community to work towards the preservation of natural resources close to them and create cohesion among neighboring communities.

What does STEA do for those living and working in Jamaica’s Cockpit?
STEA’s mission: To promote development in Trelawny and its environs by implementing environmental conservation and economic opportunity projects.
STEA’s Vision: To develop institutional capacity such that STEA is financially stable and can have a long-term environmental and community development impact in South Trelawny and its environs through discrete, integrated project activities in keeping with the mission of the organization
They have the historically been involved in developing various communities throughout the Cockpit in various forms. They have tapped into primary and secondary schools to conduct seminars on the ecological and financial importance of the land. They have been associated with a number of studies focusing on water and soil management and were able to use those statistics to generate funding from public and private entities. Although their efforts focus on the conservation of Cockpit Country they also look to educate farmers in efficiency protocols and work entrepreneurs who use the land to generate income. They seek to create and maintain the relationships they have with public and private entities who have a social, financial and developmental stake in the Cockpit and throughout Jamiaca. This results in active tourism, money , more resources for educational activities, and new technology within the Cockpit.

STEA has several focus areas that create revenue and awareness of social issues throughout the community. Eco-tourism through Cockpit Country Adventure Tours gives visitors the opportunity to access the lush untouched areas of Cockpit country. They have created this tourism program in order to generate income for staff and the organization as a whole. The tourism also stimulates the local economy, such as guesthouses (that traveler’s stay in during their visit) and food establishments. They have also partnered with schools within the communities throughout the land to provide environmental education programming to students, and teachers to help in spreading awareness.  They have also collaborated with other environmental groups throughout the country. The eco-tourism efforts receives funding, material and resources from the Peace Corps, Royal Netherlands Embassy, Jamaica Environment Trust Environmental Foundation of Jamaica, just to name a few. STEA also has done various biodiversity studies, a notable one was the Rapid Rural Appraisal of Spring Garden and Rock Spring Communities.

This water management study was done to eventually provide the Trelawney country with 21 water management systems. They were able to create partnerships with the local government – the National Water Commission- to maintain these systems and provide partial funding for the systems. STEA also created a community based workforce to dig ditches for pipes and create fencing around the water systems.
By involving the community in the development of its own community STEA has been able to create effective mobilization techniques that also give the community a chance to become educated about their natural surroundings and get involved in creating solutions for some of the issues they face within their community. 

The Country Conservation Awareness Project gave the Cockpit community and over 60 schools a platform to not only discuss environmental issues with trained staff from STEA, but to also gave their input on how they can aid the preservation of the Cockpit’s natural resources. During this project people throughout the country were also trained in how to maintain their environment. Because STEA prides itself on community mobilization and awareness training they have been able to aid in the development of local communities in many areas.
They have established a month long training program for farmers for “soil conservation and erosion control ” (STEA.net, 2011). In this training program professional farmers (many of whom are yam farmers) receive an opportunity to understand new trends in soil amendment for a larger yield, rearranging their farms for optimal growth and to lessen soil erosion. STEA has its own plots for demonstration purposes and has been able to save 60 tons of soil due to these training (STEA.net,2011). There are many tools in place for all members of the community to interact and become lucrative.

The Yam Festival is one of those tools. This annual (food) event brings local residents, businesses and farmers together for a fundraising event for STEA (and local businesses) and brings about awareness for the cultivation and the consumption of yams (for healthy diets), among of things. During the event there is also a showcase for local talent during the four day event along with various activities and established eateries selling their food. They also have public and private entities that support the event by donating money, and resources and STEA estimated that this event alone puts “approximately $8M into local circulation” (STEA.net, 2011).

Who runs STEA?
STEA is a member run organization that has select staff members and departments that run the organization. The over 200 individuals that help STEA run are a part of a secretariat staff, volunteers or work with closely with the director/CEO-Hugh Dixon. Hugh Dixon is from Jamaica and has worked for several decades as a public officer in local government, Peace Corps Training Officer, and has held other political positions within Jamaica.
There are 9 individuals with 3-year tenures on the board of directors and there are set goals that are to be evaluated during their meetings.

The Goals of STEA's Board of Directors:

· To ensure growth and development of STEA consistent with its mission and goals
· To ensure the preparation of the accounts for the annual audit
· To approve the annual Budget and review the financial status of the organization at interim points
· To agree to and approve organizational policies
· To ensure that the legal operations of the organization are in line with national standards
· To delegate to competent management while ensuring organizational accountability


STEA prides themselves on transparency in order to keep ideas fresh, to gain publicity and to help the community as much as possible. STEA uses Peace Corps Volunteers and other individuals with relative skill sets in order to make environmental conservation and awareness for the Cockpit apply to all aspects of life. STEA works hard to get funding from diverse entities- mostly grants. The Environmental Foundation of Jamaica has been one of the largest funders of STEA. They also work with public and private organizations nationally and internationallly STEA claims that their funds are used to ensure the sustain ability of the organization. Eco tours conducted by STEA’s trained staff are also another form of income for the organization.

What I plan to do at STEA?
My job/ internship will be at STEA, where I will be lucky enough to shadow Hugh Dixon, the CEO of the organization. He was a former Peace Corps Trainer and continues to use Peace Corps Volunteers, along with other volunteers and staff to create environmental awareness programs for tourist and and locals about the Cockpit Country of Jamaica. I should be leaving for my internship during the 1st week of February and staying unil the end of the second week of March 2012. He has graciously agreed to allow me to become involved in the daily operations of STEA: from understanding the how their finances are distributed throughout the organization to working on the tours. I will be staying at a  local guest house. One of the main focuses/ tasks will be aiding in engaging the community to promote the Trelawny Yam Festival that will happen during the Easter weekend.

I chose to work with STEA after I spoke to a colleague about the SEC requirement. As a former Peace Corps Volunteer she knew that I would be willing to go anywhere and she told me about her old program trainer Hugh Dixon who she still remains in contact with.  I knew that I wanted to work with an organization that had a strong name within the community and would give me the opportunity to shadow the CEO and the workers. I knew that as a former volunteer it would be easier for me to make the connection and do that kind of work with Hugh.  After this program I would like to work in the sustainability field for either eco-conservation of sustainable housing and neighborhoods. By working with STEA I know that I will be able to get the experience for the former and engage the community on a grass roots level. I’m  also sure that I will be able to experience something I’ve yet to fathom during my stay in Trelawny. 

Sources:

Tuesday, November 15, 2011

Saving Those In The Cockpit

Country Statistics

Languages: English and Patois

Ethnicities: Black 91%,  Mixed ~6%, Other~3%

Population: 2,868,380


Age Breakdown:
0-14 years: 30.1% (male 438,888/female 424,383)
15-64 years: 62.3% (male 882,548/female 904,242)
65 years and over: 7.6% (male 97,717/female 120,602) (2011 est.)

Unemployment Rate:
12.4% (2010 est.)
country comparison to the world: 130
11.4% (2009 est.)



People's History: Cockpit Country was initially settled by former freed slaves and mercenary soldiers in the 17th and 18th Century. Later called Maroons, they have religious and political stake in Cockpit Country due to the battles they fought and won by against the British through guerilla warfare. The thick foliage in the area gave them a chance to cloak themselves while they surprised the British soldiers.

 Religion: The history of Jamaica is very diverse and has led to the development of many religious entities throughout the nation.  The people who live in the Cockpit have religious backgrounds including various forms of Christianity, worship of West African deities and sects of Rastafarianism.  Many forms of the worship within the country require the use and display of the natural surroundings Jamaica, more specifically Cockpit country. 



A Threatened Cockpit Country
Currently the Cockpit of Jamaica is threatened by bauxite mining, illegal bird hunting, rare plant gathering, logging and the conversion of forest land into agricultural land by local farmers.  Deforestation on preserved lands is an international threat.  However, in the ockpit deforestation is more severe because it leads to the spread of foreign entities throughout
the heart of the jungle. These foreign threats include foreign plants and animals that pose threats to the natural wildlife, temperature change that effects the survival of the natural wildlife in the area, and the opening of roads in that give poachers easy access to wildlife.  Roads also give way to mining opportunities from the companies.

Mining produces an array of negative effects to the Cockpit's natural habitat. It is currently leading to depletion and contamination of soil and water resources because of machinery output and liter from workers.  This will also causes the displacement of small rural communities surrounding the mining, many of which were established near water resources.  The mining Act of Jamaica is a law that has been loosely enforced and gives mining companies the opportunity to continue work regardless of the effects mentioned above.

Solutions
The Local Forest Management Committee (LFMC), Jamaican Forestry Department, The Jamiacan caves Organisation, and the Southern Trelawny Environmental Agency (STEA) and the people of throughout the  countryside have come together to cultivate eco-tourism, agriculture and development. STEA ahs headlined the movement making a strong socio-environmental impact in the north eastern part of the country.  They have several initiatives in place that build conservation awareness, healthier and more sustainable schools, youth development, water resource management. Their staff is comprised of volunteers, a small staff and board of Directors that have a social and financial stake in the Cockpit Country. 

Source & Helpful Links
http://cockpitcountryjamaica.com/main/